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Comprehensive Cosmetic Industry Ingredient Guide

THIS IS A UNIVERSAL REFERENCE GUIDE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES

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Ingredient
AMMONIUM PERSULFATE

AMMONIUM PERSULFATE

Summary

Ammonium Persulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a hair bleaching and coloring agent. It is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and has a strong oxidizing potential. This ingredient is known for its ability to effectively lighten hair without causing damage or breakage. It is also used in the formulation of skin care products as an exfoliating agent. Ammonium Persulfate is a safe and effective ingredient that is widely used in the cosmetic industry. Its inclusion in cosmetic ingredient indexes is essential for professionals seeking to create high-quality and safe cosmetic products.

INCI Name and Common References

International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients name: Ammonium Persulfate Common terms: Ammonium Peroxodisulfate Nicknames: APS

Function

Ammonium persulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a hair bleaching agent. It helps to lighten the hair by breaking down the melanin pigment in the hair shaft. It is also used as a component in some chemical peels and exfoliating treatments, where it helps to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. However, due to its strong oxidizing properties, ammonium persulfate must be used with caution and in carefully controlled concentrations to avoid skin irritation or damage.

Science

Ammonium persulfate is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is a strong oxidizing agent that releases oxygen when it is dissolved in water. This property makes it useful in a variety of chemical reactions, including polymerization and etching. When ammonium persulfate is added to a solution, it reacts with the molecules in the solution, breaking down their chemical bonds and releasing oxygen. This process can be used to initiate polymerization reactions, where the oxygen released by ammonium persulfate helps to form new chemical bonds between monomers. Additionally, ammonium persulfate can be used to etch metals, as the oxygen released by the compound reacts with the metal surface, creating a roughened texture that can be used for further processing. Overall, the physical properties of ammonium persulfate make it a versatile and useful ingredient in a variety of chemical applications.

Benefits

There are no skincare benefits associated with ammonium persulfate. In fact, it is a harsh chemical used primarily as an oxidizing agent in hair dyes and bleaches. It can cause skin irritation and should be handled with care.

Negatives

Ammonium persulfate is a commonly used oxidizing agent in various industries, including the manufacturing of polymers, textiles, and electronics. While it is generally considered safe for use, there are some potential side effects, sensitivities, and interactions that should be taken into consideration. One of the most common side effects of ammonium persulfate is skin irritation. This can occur when the chemical comes into contact with the skin, causing redness, itching, and sometimes even blistering. In severe cases, prolonged exposure to ammonium persulfate can lead to chemical burns. Individuals who are sensitive to persulfates may also experience respiratory problems when exposed to ammonium persulfate. This can include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In rare cases, exposure to ammonium persulfate can trigger an asthma attack in individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Ammonium persulfate can also interact with other ingredients, particularly those that are reducing agents. When combined with reducing agents, ammonium persulfate can cause a violent reaction, leading to the release of toxic gases and even explosions. It is important to avoid mixing ammonium persulfate with any reducing agents, including organic compounds, metals, and metal salts. In addition, ammonium persulfate can react with water to produce hydrogen peroxide, which can be dangerous if not handled properly. It is important to store ammonium persulfate in a cool, dry place and to avoid exposing it to moisture. Overall, while ammonium persulfate is a useful chemical in many industries, it is important to handle it with care and to be aware of its potential side effects, sensitivities, and interactions with other ingredients.

Source

Ammonium Persulfate is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from the reaction of ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. It is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various industrial and laboratory applications. The processing pathway of Ammonium Persulfate involves the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid, followed by crystallization and purification to obtain the final product.

Safety

According to the Environmental Working Group's Skin Deep database, Ammonium Persulfate has a moderate hazard rating of 5 out of 10. This rating is based on concerns regarding skin irritation, respiratory effects, and potential for organ system toxicity. Other sources also suggest that Ammonium Persulfate can be harmful if ingested or inhaled, and can cause skin and eye irritation. It is important to handle this chemical with care and follow proper safety precautions when using it.

Sustainability

Ammonium Persulfate is a chemical compound that is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various industrial processes. It is also used in hair bleaching products and as a disinfectant in water treatment plants. However, the production and use of Ammonium Persulfate have significant environmental impacts. The production of Ammonium Persulfate involves the use of sulfuric acid and ammonia, which are both highly corrosive and toxic chemicals. The manufacturing process generates large amounts of waste and emissions, including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to air pollution and acid rain. The disposal of Ammonium Persulfate waste can also contaminate soil and water sources. In terms of ethical sourcing practices, Ammonium Persulfate is not typically sourced from natural resources. Instead, it is produced through chemical synthesis in industrial facilities. However, it is important for manufacturers to ensure that the raw materials used in the production of Ammonium Persulfate are sourced responsibly and sustainably. This includes ensuring that the sulfuric acid and ammonia used in the manufacturing process are obtained from reputable suppliers who adhere to environmental and social standards. Overall, the production and use of Ammonium Persulfate have significant environmental impacts, and it is important for manufacturers to implement sustainable practices and ethical sourcing to minimize these impacts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ammonium persulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Its function as a strong oxidizer makes it useful in many chemical reactions, including polymerization and etching. While it has several benefits, such as its ability to produce high-quality products and its effectiveness in removing impurities, it also has some negatives, such as its potential to cause skin and eye irritation. Ammonium persulfate can be sourced from various chemical suppliers and is generally considered safe when handled properly. However, its sustainability is a concern as it is a non-renewable resource and its production can have negative environmental impacts. Overall, ammonium persulfate is a valuable ingredient in many industries, but its use should be balanced with considerations for safety and sustainability.

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